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<title>Quantcast File System</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Quantcast File System</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the hierarchical storage manager filesystem from Oracle, see <a href="QFS" title="QFS">QFS</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Quantcast File System (QFS)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sriram Rao, Michael Ovsiannikov, <a href="Quantcast" title="Quantcast">Quantcast</a></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">2.2.6

/ May 6, 2023<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2023-05-06</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Distributed_file_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed file system">Distributed File System</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Apache_License" title="Apache License">Apache License</a> 2.0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/quantcast/qfs">github<wbr>.com<wbr>/quantcast<wbr>/qfs</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Quantcast File System</b> (<b>QFS</b>) is an open-source <a href="Distributed_file_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed file system">distributed file system</a> software package for large-scale <a href="MapReduce" title="MapReduce">MapReduce</a> or other batch-processing workloads. It was designed as an alternative to the <a href="Apache_Hadoop" title="Apache Hadoop">Apache Hadoop</a> Distributed File System (<a href="Apache_Hadoop#HDFS" title="Apache Hadoop">HDFS</a>), intended to deliver better performance and cost-efficiency for large-scale processing clusters.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2></div>

<p>QFS is software that runs on a cluster of hundreds or thousands of commodity <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> servers and allows other software layers to interact with them as if they were one giant hard drive. It has three components:

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<ul><li>A chunk server runs on each machine that will host data, manages I/O to its hard drives, and monitors its activity and capacity.</li>

<li>A central process called the metaserver keeps the directory structure and maps of files to physical storage. It coordinates activities of all the chunk servers and monitors the overall health of the file system. For high performance it holds all its data in memory, writing checkpoints and transaction logs to disk for recovery.</li>

<li>A client component is the interface point that presents a file system <a href="Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">application programming interface</a> (API) to other layers of the software. It makes requests of the metaserver to identify which chunk servers hold (or will hold) its data, then interacts with the chunk servers directly to read and write.</li></ul>

<p>In a cluster of hundreds or thousands of machines, the odds are low that all will be running and reachable at any given moment, so fault tolerance is the central design challenge. QFS meets it with <a href="Reed%E2%80%93Solomon_error_correction" title="Reed–Solomon error correction">Reed–Solomon error correction</a>. The form of Reed–Solomon encoding used in QFS stores redundant data in nine places and can reconstruct the file from any six of these stripes.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When it writes a file, it by default stripes it across nine physically different machines — six holding the data, three holding parity information. Any three of those can become unavailable. If any six remain readable, QFS can reconstruct the original data. The result is fault tolerance at a cost of a 50% expansion of data.

</p><p>QFS is written in the programming language <a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, operates within a fixed <a href="Memory_footprint" title="Memory footprint">memory footprint</a>, and uses direct input and output (I/O).

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>QFS evolved from the Kosmos File System (KFS), an open source project started by <a href="Kosmix" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmix">Kosmix</a> in 2005. <a href="Quantcast" title="Quantcast">Quantcast</a> adopted KFS in 2007, built its own improvements on it over the next several years, and released QFS 1.0 as an open source project in September, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/quantcast/qfs/releases/tag/2.2.6">Release 2.2.6</a></span>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121119135708/http://strata.oreilly.com/2012/09/qfs-improves-performance-of-hadoop-file-system.html">"QFS improves performance of Hadoop file system - Strata"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://strata.oreilly.com/2012/09/qfs-improves-performance-of-hadoop-file-system.html">the original</a> on 2012-11-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-06</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121203173419/http://gigaom.com/data/quantcast-releases-bigger-faster-stronger-hadoop-file-system/">"Quantcast releases bigger, faster, stronger Hadoop file system — Tech News and Analysis"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gigaom.com/data/quantcast-releases-bigger-faster-stronger-hadoop-file-system/">the original</a> on 2012-12-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-06</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quantcast.github.com/qfs">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul>

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</style><div id="File_systems283" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="File_system" title="File system">File systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_file_systems" title="Comparison of file systems">Comparison of file systems</a>

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_distributed_file_systems" title="Comparison of distributed file systems">distributed</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Unix_filesystem" title="Unix filesystem">Unix filesystem</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disk and<br>non-rotating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="AdvFS" title="AdvFS">AdvFS</a></li>

<li><a href="Amiga_Fast_File_System" title="Amiga Fast File System">Amiga FFS</a></li>

<li><a href="Amiga_Old_File_System" title="Amiga Old File System">Amiga OFS</a></li>

<li><a href="AtheOS_File_System" class="mw-redirect" title="AtheOS File System">AthFS</a></li>

<li><a href="Bcachefs" title="Bcachefs">bcachefs</a></li>

<li>BFS

<ul><li><a href="Be_File_System" title="Be File System">Be File System</a></li>

<li><a href="Boot_File_System" title="Boot File System">Boot File System</a></li>

<li>Byte File System (<a href="Z/VM" title="Z/VM">z/VM</a>)</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Btrfs" title="Btrfs">Btrfs</a></li>

<li>EFS

<ul><li><a href="Encrypting_File_System" title="Encrypting File System">Encrypting File System</a></li>

<li><a href="Extent_File_System" title="Extent File System">Extent File System</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Episode_filesystem" title="Episode filesystem">Episode</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="ExFAT" title="ExFAT">exFAT</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Files-11" title="Files-11">Files-11</a></li>

<li><a href="Fossil_(file_system)" title="Fossil (file system)">Fossil</a></li>

<li><a href="HAMMER_(file_system)" title="HAMMER (file system)">HAMMER</a>

<ul><li><a href="HAMMER2" title="HAMMER2">HAMMER2</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hierarchical_File_System_(Apple)" title="Hierarchical File System (Apple)">HFS</a> (<a href="Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a>)</li>

<li>MFS

<ul><li><a href="Macintosh_File_System" title="Macintosh File System">Macintosh File System</a></li>

<li><a href="TiVo_Media_File_System" title="TiVo Media File System">TiVo Media File System</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="MINIX_file_system" title="MINIX file system">MINIX</a></li>

<li><a href="NetWare_File_System" title="NetWare File System">NetWare File System</a></li>

<li><a href="NILFS" title="NILFS">NILFS</a>

<ul><li><a href="NILFS" title="NILFS">NILFS2</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="OneFS_distributed_file_system" title="OneFS distributed file system">OneFS</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenZFS" title="OpenZFS">OpenZFS</a></li>

<li><a href="ReiserFS" title="ReiserFS">ReiserFS</a>

<ul><li><a href="Reiser4" title="Reiser4">Reiser4</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Datalight#Reliance_family" title="Datalight">Reliance</a></li>

<li><a href="Datalight#Reliance_Nitro" title="Datalight">Reliance Nitro</a></li>

<li>SFS

<ul><li>Shared File System (<a href="VM_(operating_system)" title="VM (operating system)">VM</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Smart_File_System" title="Smart File System">Smart File System</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Soup_(Apple)" title="Soup (Apple)">Soup (Apple)</a></li>

<li><a href="UBIFS" title="UBIFS">UBIFS</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Soft_updates" title="Soft updates">soft updates</a></li>

<li><a href="Write_Ahead_Physical_Block_Logging" title="Write Ahead Physical Block Logging">WAPBL</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Xiafs" title="Xiafs">Xiafs</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Optical_disc" title="Optical disc">Optical disc</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">Flash memory</a> and <a href="Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">SSD</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="ExFAT" title="ExFAT">exFAT</a></li>

<li><a href="EROFS" title="EROFS">EROFS</a></li>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="host-side_wear_leveling27" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">host-side <a href="Wear_leveling" title="Wear leveling">wear leveling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="LogFS" title="LogFS">LogFS</a></li>

<li><a href="NILFS" title="NILFS">NILFS</a>

<ul><li><a href="NILFS" title="NILFS">NILFS2</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="YAFFS" title="YAFFS">YAFFS</a></li>

<li><a href="UBIFS" title="UBIFS">UBIFS</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Clustered_file_system#Distributed_file_systems" title="Clustered file system">Distributed parallel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="BeeGFS" title="BeeGFS">BeeGFS</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_File_System" title="Google File System">Google File System</a></li>

<li><a href="OrangeFS" title="OrangeFS">OrangeFS</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Network-attached_storage" title="Network-attached storage">NAS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Andrew_File_System" title="Andrew File System">AFS</a> (<a href="OpenAFS" title="OpenAFS">OpenAFS</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Google_File_System" title="Google File System">Google File System</a></li>

<li><a href="Lustre_(file_system)" title="Lustre (file system)">Lustre</a></li>

<li><a href="Elliptics" title="Elliptics">POHMELFS</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_Hadoop" title="Apache Hadoop">Hadoop</a></li>

<li><a href="SSHFS" title="SSHFS">SSHFS</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Boot_File_System" title="Boot File System">Boot File System</a></li>

<li><a href="Compact_Disc_File_System" title="Compact Disc File System">Compact Disc File System</a></li>

<li><a href="Cramfs" title="Cramfs">cramfs</a></li>

<li><a href="Davfs2" title="Davfs2">Davfs2</a></li>

<li><a href="EROFS" title="EROFS">EROFS</a></li>

<li><a href="FTPFS" title="FTPFS">FTPFS</a></li>

<li><a href="SquashFS" title="SquashFS">SquashFS</a></li>

<li><a href="FAT_filesystem_and_Linux" title="FAT filesystem and Linux">UMSDOS</a></li>

<li><a href="OverlayFS" title="OverlayFS">OverlayFS</a></li>

<li><a href="UnionFS" title="UnionFS">UnionFS</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pseudo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Configfs" title="Configfs">configfs</a></li>

<li><a href="Device_file" title="Device file">devfs</a></li>

<li><a href="Debugfs" title="Debugfs">debugfs</a></li>

<li><a href="Kernfs_(BSD)" title="Kernfs (BSD)">kernfs</a></li>

<li><a href="Procfs" title="Procfs">procfs</a></li>

<li>specfs</li>

<li><a href="Sysfs" title="Sysfs">sysfs</a></li>

<li><a href="Tmpfs" title="Tmpfs">tmpfs</a></li>

<li><a href="WinFS" title="WinFS">WinFS</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Filesystem-level_encryption" title="Filesystem-level encryption">Encrypted</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ECryptfs" title="ECryptfs">eCryptfs</a></li>

<li><a href="EncFS" title="EncFS">EncFS</a></li>

<li><a href="Rubberhose_(file_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubberhose (file system)">Rubberhose</a></li>

<li><a href="SSHFS" title="SSHFS">SSHFS</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Clustered_file_system" title="Clustered file system">Clustered</a>

<ul><li><a href="Global_file_system" title="Global file system">Global</a></li>

<li><a href="Self-certifying_File_System" title="Self-certifying File System">Self-certifying</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Flash_file_system" title="Flash file system">Flash</a></li>

<li><a href="Journaling_file_system" title="Journaling file system">Journaling</a></li>

<li><a href="Log-structured_file_system" title="Log-structured file system">Log-structured</a></li>

<li><a href="Object_storage" title="Object storage">Object</a></li>

<li><a href="Record-oriented_filesystem" title="Record-oriented filesystem">Record-oriented</a></li>

<li><a href="Semantic_file_system" title="Semantic file system">Semantic</a></li>

<li><a href="Steganographic_file_system" title="Steganographic file system">Steganographic</a></li>

<li><a href="Synthetic_file_system" title="Synthetic file system">Synthetic</a></li>

<li><a href="Versioning_file_system" title="Versioning file system">Versioning</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Case_preservation" title="Case preservation">Case preservation</a></li>

<li><a href="Copy-on-write" title="Copy-on-write">Copy-on-write</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_deduplication" title="Data deduplication">Data deduplication</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_scrubbing" title="Data scrubbing">Data scrubbing</a></li>

<li><a href="Execute_in_place" title="Execute in place">Execute in place</a></li>

<li><a href="Extent_(file_systems)" title="Extent (file systems)">Extent</a></li>

<li><a href="File_attribute" title="File attribute">File attribute</a>

<ul><li><a href="Extended_file_attributes" title="Extended file attributes">Extended file attributes</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="File_change_log" title="File change log">File change log</a></li>

<li><a href="Inode" title="Inode">Inode</a></li>

<li>Links

<li><a href="Symbolic_link" title="Symbolic link">Symbolic</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Computer_access_control" title="Computer access control">Access control</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Access-control_list" title="Access-control list">Access-control list</a></li>

<li><a href="Filesystem-level_encryption" title="Filesystem-level encryption">Filesystem-level encryption</a></li>

<li><a href="File-system_permissions" title="File-system permissions">Permissions</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chmod" title="Chmod">Modes</a></li>

<li><a href="Sticky_bit" title="Sticky bit">Sticky bit</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Interface_(computing)" title="Interface (computing)">Interfaces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="File_manager" title="File manager">File manager</a></li>

<li><a href="File_system_API" title="File system API">File system API</a>

<ul><li><a href="Installable_File_System" title="Installable File System">Installable File System</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_file_system" title="Virtual file system">Virtual file system</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_file_systems" title="List of file systems">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_cryptographic_file_systems" title="List of cryptographic file systems">Cryptographic</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_default_file_systems" title="List of default file systems">Default</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_log-structured_file_systems" title="List of log-structured file systems">Log-structured</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Layouts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Master_Boot_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Boot Record">Master Boot Record</a></li>

<li><a href="GUID_Partition_Table" title="GUID Partition Table">GUID Partition Table</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Partition_Map" title="Apple Partition Map">Apple Partition Map</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-02-03" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Quantcast_File_System&oldid=1202917939">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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